Forensic Water-Intrusion Testing – Windows and Brick Masonry Walls
US-BES was retained to investigate and determine the probable source(s) and pathway(s) of reported stormwater infiltration occurring at selected areas of the building envelope.
US-BES performed a forensic building-envelope investigation and controlled water-intrusion testing of selected windows, window perimeter interfaces, and adjacent brick masonry wall assemblies. The purpose of the investigation was to reproduce the reported leakage, isolate potential sources of water entry, and document the mechanisms by which stormwater was entering the interior spaces.
The investigation and testing procedures incorporated diagnostic principles consistent with AAMA 501.2, ASTM E1105, and ASTM E2128, as applicable to the conditions under investigation. Water was systematically applied to selected exterior components and areas of the building envelope while corresponding interior areas were monitored for evidence of water penetration.
US-BES's testing identified two primary sources of water intrusion:
1. Window Perimeter Flashing/Sealant Systems: Testing revealed deterioration and/or deficiencies at the window perimeter flashing and sealant systems. These conditions allowed stormwater to penetrate the window perimeter assemblies and enter the interior spaces.
2. Lintel Flashing Systems: Controlled water testing of the brick masonry and lintel flashing assemblies resulted in water infiltration at the upper sides and corners of the window openings. The observed leakage pattern was consistent with missing, improperly constructed, or otherwise ineffective end dams at the lintel flashing, allowing water collected within the masonry wall assembly to migrate laterally and enter at the window openings.
Based on the controlled testing and observed water-entry patterns, US-BES concluded that deficiencies associated with the window perimeter systems and lintel flashing/end-dam conditions were contributing to the reported stormwater infiltration.
Water testing exterior wall above the lintel leakages.
Stormwater water testing lintel’s flashing top lintel.
Testing the window’s flashing perimeters.
Water was observed to enter around the windows flashing perimeters and lintel area.
